Citizenship Education and History Education « Case Study: The Wars of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) »

From the perspective of citizenship education, war and peace, as two sides of the coin of social life, have been a reflection of a comprehensive approach to managing social diversity and resolving conflicts in the Prophet's life. By formulating pacts such as the "Pact of Brotherhood" and creating a political system based on religious, ethnic, and tribal diversity, the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) has presented a sustainable model of citizenship based on mutual rights and duties. These measures not only led to social cohesion and strengthening collective identity, but also institutionalized concepts such as justice, understanding, and respect for others in the form of an educational system.The main research question was to answer this question How and what role and effect does the study and explanation of the wars of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) play in the concept of citizenship education and history education? This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach and based on library resources, has examined citizenship education and history education in the life of the Prophet and his wars. In order to achieve the main goal of the research, which is to analyze the criticisms of orientalists in the context of the wars of the Prophet (PBUH) and explain its connection with the concepts of citizenship education in a historical and religious context. That the Prophet's (PBUH) wars within the framework of jihad were not only a means to achieve religious and moral goals, but also provided a platform for teaching the principles of citizenship, peaceful coexistence, and the creation of a coherent and sustainable society. This approach is considered a practical model for teaching history and strengthening citizenship education in contemporary societies.. The Prophet (PBUH), relying on the Holy Quran as a roadmap, was able to build a society based on the principles of justice, peace, and social solidarity. This society has presented an outstanding model of active and responsible citizenship within the framework of moral and religious norms